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Date: 10/16/2005
Time: 1:38:12 AM
Remote Name: 222.95.240.125
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From: David Pyne
Date: 4/6/01
Time: 6:15:41 PM
Remote Name: 205.132.151.81
ASR wells usually utilize deep, confined aquifers for storage. In Florida there are eight operating ASR sites, the oldest of which has been operating since 1983. They are utilizing aquifers that are all confined,and range from as shallow as 300 ft to as deep as 1300 ft. The natural rate of movement in these aquifers is typically on the order of 1 to 10 ft/year.
ASR wells in Florida, and most other places, store and recover water seasonally. A storage bubble with a radius of perhaps 400 ft may therefore move perhaps 1 to 5 ft between recharge and recovery. For practical purposes, such movement is insignificant. The same volume stored can usually be recovered, once the buffer zone is formed, and recovery water quality is not significantly affected by the slow lateral rate of groundwater movement. Any water not recovered, such as might occur if it is left underground for a few decades, will tend to move slowly downgradient toward the ocean, freshening what is currently a brackish aquifer at most Florida ASR sites. Any eventual recovery of that water by another well would require desalination treatment anyway, so the freshened water would tend to reduce the desalination costs and augment the water supply.
You may be confused regarding the water that is being stored. This is not untreated wastewater effluent. It is in most cases treated drinking water. The objective of ASR wells is to recover the stored water, not to lose it, so we do not use aquifers where the lateral rate of movement is so high that it might affect our recovery.
My guess is that your reference to "untreated" effluent is intended to mean "partially-treated surface water." ASR legislation is under consideration in Florida that would facilitate ASR storage of partially-treated surface water in our deep aquifers. The water would receive treatment to improve its quality, but not to full drinking water standards. We have been doing this in Florida for over 70 years in the Orlando area, where we have 300 operating drainage wells, without any evidence of aquifer contamination or public health impacts. This practice is consistent with federal law (Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974) but is inconsistent with current EPA regulations promulgated pursuant to that law. The proposed legislation is supported by science, which shows natural attenuation of microbiota and many other water quality constituents during aquifer storage, due to natural physical, bacteriological and geochemical processes. It is being sponsored by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, and is supported by the Florida Department of Health, the five Water Management Districts, and the American Water Works Association (Florida Section), which is responsible for supplying drinking water to Florida's people. It is being opposed by the Sierra Club and also by the Legal Environmental Assistance Foundation. These two groups appear to have received some misinformation about what this legislation is about, and the science supporting it.